Long Term Investing with Options
Many people view stock options as only a short term tool. The idea of a highly leveraged tool with the potential to make big bucks quickly appeals to the gambler inside all of us. Just like a card counting black-jack player, options can be used to make significant short term gains, provided the player is careful, and knows what they’re doing. But while stock options are usually employed solely by that group of high-octane traders, they actually have enormous benefits that tend to go unnoticed by many a long term investor.
The stock option strategy I’m about to reveal is rarely used. In fact, I’ve only briefly heard mention of them on little known websites, and even then, not in enough detail to give an example. So here it is, what I believe may be the best kept secret from long term investors on wall street. The stock option strategy for the long term investor.
Its the vertical option spread, using leap options. How this investment works is you buy one option, while simultaneously selling another option for the same month, but at a different strike price. While XYZ is usually my standard symbol, I will use a real company in this case. Keep in mind, this is NOT a recommendation. In fact, it would probably be a terrible idea to invest in the example I’m about to give. Its just an example. Yet to get realistic prices for this strategy, it may be helpful to use a legitimate stock.
note:I wrote this part of the article about a short time ago, prices may not be 100% current. So GE is currently at 10.41 per share. In this example, let us talk the January 2011 options, giving GE ample of time to go the direction we think it will. So if you thought GE was a superb long term buy, it would be reasonable to think it’s going to at least $20 per share by that point. By January 2011, most people expect the recession to be over, and that single development alone should lead to a substantially higher stock price.
To do a vertical spread, you have to buy one option, and sell another one. Giving our price target of at least $20, and given the current price, 10.41, I would buy the 12.50 strike call option, and sell the 17.50 strike call option. The 12.50 option can be bought for 2.71 at the moment, while the 17.50 can be sold for 1.40, giving us an total cost basis of 1.31 per share for the vertical spread.
Now lets look at this trade for a second. If General Electric is trading below 12.50 on the January 2011 expiration, both options expire worthless, and the 1.31 per option spread invested is gone. On the other hand, if GE is trading above 17.50, then the 12.50 option will be worth exactly $5.00 more then the 17.50 option, and so the position is worth $5.00 per share. If its between 12.50 and 17.50, the call we sold expires worthless, while the call we bought will have value equal to the difference between the stock price and the strike price; 12.50 in this case. How do you break even? Well we paid 1.31 for the vertical spread, so if its exactly 1.31 higher then 12.50 (13.81), then well be at break even if the stock is at that point.
That gives us an amazing return of 281% if GE is above 17.50, for an annualized return of 107% (holding period is 22 months). Because of the high potential for risk – a complete loss of investment if GE is below 12.50 in Jan 2011, you shouldn’t put more then you’re willing to risk in the trade. Definitely a speculative play. Yet given how much time there is, it is a much safer bet then short term options, and significantly more profitable then just buying the shares.
So now that the basic idea is out of the way, what are some examples of vertical spreads I would consider? I am a big believer in investing in emerging markets, so I am long term bullish on EEM (IShares MSCI Emerging Markets Investment Index). The January 2011 25-30 vertical on EEM is only going for about $1.88 at the moment, with EEM trading at 25.30 so I think that would be an excellent investment. Above 30 it would be worth $5 at expiration, while below 25 it would be worthless. Unless the economy further deteriorates, I can’t imagine that occurring.
Along the same lines, I expect FXI (iShares FTSE/Xinhua China 25 Index) to go up. The “China miracle” isn’t over, merely in a subdued state due to temporarily reduced demand. The 30-35 vertical Jan 11 vertical would be worth $5 at expiration if FXI is above 35, which from its current price of 28.51, is not much of a stretch. That vertical spread currently has a $2 price, so that would be an even 150% return from now until January 2011.
A far more controversial play would be Bank of America. While the trader in me screams to short the stock, I foresee it being far more valuable then it currently is a couple years down the road. The simple reason is that yes; financials have been hammered by the current collapse. Yes, some banking companies have went bankrupt, or have been on the verge of bankruptcy. Is the financial system going to completely fail? No. Are rampant bank runs going to drive them out of business? No. Are banks going to be lending and making money again after this recession ends? YES! Is pent up demand in housing going to cause a rush to buy houses at prices not seen in a decade? YES! Are banks going to profit from this? Most DEFINITELY. If BAC is at or above 10 at the January 2011 expiration, the 7.50-10 vertical for Jan 2011 would be worth 2.50, while only costing about $0.65. That would give a 286% return, or 108% annualized. The risk of course, is that BAC goes bankrupt, or BAC stays under the $7.50 per share mark past January 2011. In either case, you would lose your investment. Yet with prices as low as they are now, there isn’t a high chance of that scenario unfolding.
For most people, the stock market is not the place to make a quick buck. While some short term traders will have great success with these option strategies, long term investors can use these same strategies while remaining focused on the longer term, to achieve gains vastly exceeding those of the regular stock market, while limiting risk.
